A dozen utilities were carefully selected for this work. They represent a broad array of disinfectant types, water qualities and treatment sequences. In most cases, each utility was sampled only once (1-2 day duration), however in a couple of cases two separate events were conducted. For information on each click on the hypertext links.
Utility | Back-ground | 1st set | 2nd set | Pre-Disinfectant | Final Disinfectant |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Contra Costa, CA |
19 Jan 2011 | Ozone | Chloramine | ||
Pinellas County, FL |
7 Jun 2011 | Aug 2011 | Chlorine | Chloramine (Chlorine) | |
Wyoming, MI |
9 Aug 2011 | Chlorine | Chlorine | ||
Monroe, MI |
11 Oct 2011 | Ozone | Chlorine | ||
San Francisco, CA |
19 Jan 2012 | 10 Apr 2012 | Chlorine | Chloramine | |
Charleston, SC |
28 Feb 2012 | Chlorine Dioxide | Chloramine | ||
Ann Arbor, MI |
4 Apr 2012 | Ozone | Chloramine | ||
EBMUD, CA |
25 Apr 2012 | Chlorine | Chloramine | ||
Cincinnati, OH |
14 May 2012 | Chlorine | |||
Minneapolis, MN |
22 May 2012 | Chloramine | Chloramine | ||
Knoxville, TN |
draft |
27 June 2012 | Chlorine Dioxide | Chlorine |
This work being conducted by UMass and at Yale University (in collaboration with CDM Consulting Engineers) focuses on developing models and new knowledge that helps in the prediction and understanding of key non-regulated DBPs; their expected concentrations, their degradation pathways, ways to accelerate their degradation, ways to minimize their formation.