Project B.I.N.S.
Senior Design Project:
MDR
1
Introductions, an Encore
Professor Tessier
Advisor
James Doty
EE
Sensor Subsystem
Belief Gratini
CE
Server Subsystem
Marcus Mei
EE
Power Subsystem
Frank Zhang
CE
Firmware
Subsystem
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• Overflow of trash is an environmental and health hazard for parks, cities, and
schools.
• Waste management resources are limited, so we can find ways to better optimize
them.
Problem Statement
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Barrel Integrated Networking System
As a real time, automated, trash-sensing system
B.I.N.S. will:
• Monitor trash levels
• Provide notifications on fill level
• Provide data to allow for optimization
• Be self sustaining
Our Solution: Project B.I.N.S.
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Projected trash can design featuring the solar panels on the
edge with the sensor seen by the green box
• More quantifiable specifications for the sensor
• Thoughts on limitation to trash can placement
• Mechanical design/layout clarification
• Power requirements of components
• Realistic solar harvesting capabilities
• Ultrasonic sensing within a trash can
PDR Concerns
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1. Capable of operating from 0°C to 50°C.
2. Capable of operating without sunlight for 1 week.
3. Placement of unit will not impede use of trash bin.
4. Ultrasonic sensor capable of measuring up to 72 cm.
5. Sensor capable of making measurement within 10 seconds, accurate to 5 cm.
6. Connect to a wifi router within 100 feet obstructed.
7. Weather resistant housing for sensor unit.
8. Should not exceed $100 per unit.
Updated System Specifications
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Updated Block Diagram
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Significant Updates to Block Diagram
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Previously:
Now:
Significant Updates to Block Diagram
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Previously:
Now:
Our Progress
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Realistic Power Harvested by Solar Panels
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Solar panel set up at 0 degrees
unobstructed
Solar panel set up at 45 degrees
unobstructed
Realistic Power Harvested by Solar Panels
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Solar panels set up at 0 degrees
under tree
Solar panels set up at 45 degrees
under tree
Charge controller with
temperature sensor
and…
Power Subsystem Deliverable
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...regulators
functioning on a
breadboard able to
charge batteries
Demonstration in Progress:
See ‘Demo Cam’
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Evaluation of Ultrasonic Sensor in Trash Barrel
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Sensor Position Avg. Measured Depth Actual Depth*
Centered 54.6 cm 50 cm
Edge 53.0 cm 50 cm
Sensor Position Avg. Measured Depth Actual Depth*
Centered 54.9 cm 61 cm
Edge 63.3 cm 66 cm
“Open Top”
Metal Barrel
Contents mainly
paper and
cardboard at test
“Dome Top”
Metal Barrel
Contents mainly
plastic bottles and
containers at test
*Actual Depth roughly measured using meter stick and eyeballing point of sensor
Ultrasonic Sensor Evolution
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Out-the-gate from PDR
● Components “off the wall” from M5
● Used MOSFET drivers for level-shifted input
● 40 KHz signals coupled through drivers and polluted the
GND lines
Now at MDR
● Comparator to clean up Rx output for microcontroller
● Higher Quality OpAmp (LM2902) allows for operation
closer to supply rails
● New driver IC with integrated charge pump capacitors
Demonstration in Progress:
See ‘Demo Cam’
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ESP8266 communicating with server and able to send data (w/ Power Analysis)
• Connect to AWS, send message from device to AWS console
Firmware Subsystem Deliverable
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Demonstration in Progress:
See ‘Frank’s Shared Screen’
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Using a Mobile Hotspot (near Blue Wall)
• No obstacles - 225 feet
Using Router (apartment on Triangle Street)
• No obstacles - 250+ feet
• With trees in the way - 150 feet
ESP8266 Range
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ESP w/ no obstacles: 250+ feet ESP w/ trees obstructing its view:
150 feet
Servers: Hosting & Database
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How is the app hosted?
AWS
1. Rapid app development
2. Extensive library support
3. Integrated backend with library
4. Allows for serverless deployment
5. Dynamo DB
More sophisticated CI/CD cycle
Github
1. AWS integration.
2. Extensive library support
3. Integrated backend with library
4. Allows for serverless development
Current Development
App Progression
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Future Development
Backend
AWS
integration
Github
integration
Android
Studio
project setup
Initial App
design
Initial Method
design
Initial test
design
Front End
Present
Optimized
data
Allow
location
Allow
searching
Improve
design
How do we locate devices? 802.11
Location Services
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Wi-Fi positioning
Why Wi-Fi positioning?
• Accuracy: 5m with
calibration
• No additional hardware
• No additional power
consumption
• Extensive software library
ESP8266
Signal 1
Signal 2
Signal 3
Using Wi-FI RTT (round trip time)
we can use time-of-flight to
calculate distance.
Also allows for signal strength
instead.
SageMaker
Machine Learning
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Part of the Amazon AWS lifecycle.
Allows for easy integration with
AWS Amplify (app) and DB (AWS
Dynamo)
Why SageMaker?
• Build
• Train
• Deploy
• Tune
• Allows for automation to
speed development
Logistics Moving Forward
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Project Expenditures
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Projected Unit Cost
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Per Unit
Price
2 x 3.7V Lithium Ion Batteries 500 mAh
$15.90
2 x ALLPOWERS 2.5W Solar Panels
$12.99
BQ2057 Dual Cell Charge Controller
$2.41
LM7805 5V Regulator
$1.77
LM1086 3.3V Regulator
$1.86
IRFD9010 P
-channel MOSFET
$1.23
NTC 10k Thermistor
(NTCLE100E3103JB)
$0.69
MAX233 RS
-232 Driver/Receiver
$6.14
LM2902N Quad OpAmp
$0.47
UT
-1240K-TT-R Ultrasonic Transceiver
$6.73
UR
-1240K-TT-R Ultrasonic Receiver
$6.73
LM311 Differential Comparator
$0.79
ESP8266 SoC
$6.95
Estimated Per Unit Cost:
$62.66
A hub is needed where all of our subsystems can interact:
• Focal point will be the ESP8266
• Custom Built Ultrasonic Sensor Circuit including ATTiny85
• Modified Charge Controller with external add ons (Thermistor and P-MOSFET)
• Voltage Regulators
• Battery and Solar Panel Connectors
*There may be challenges in properly handling analog and digital signals on the
same board, but we look forward to tackling this along with support from our advisor
Custom Hardware Plan for FPR
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Hardware
In Use (Replaced):
• 2 x 3.7V Lithium Ion Batteries 500 mAh
• 2 x ALLPOWERS 2.5W Solar Panels
• BQ2057 Dual Cell Charge Controller
• LM7805 5V Regulator
• LM1086 3.3V Regulator
• IRFD9010 P-channel MOSFET
• NTC 10k Thermistor
• MAX233 RS-232 Driver/Receiver (MAX232)
• LM2902N Quad OpAmp (TL704)
• UT-1240K-TT-R Ultrasonic Transceiver
• UR-1240K-TT-R Ultrasonic Receiver
• LM311 Differential Comparator
• Arduino Nano
• ESP8266 Huzzah Module
Next Stages:
• ATTiny85 - To replace Arduino Nano in US Sensor
• 3.3V Switching Regulator
• Possible Blocking Diode for Solar Panel(s)
List of Hardware and Software
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Software:
● Arduino IDE
● Amazon Web Services (AWS)
● AWS Amplify
● AWS Dynamo
● SageMaker
James Doty: Altium Lead, Sensor Subsystem
Belief Gratini: Software Lead, Server Subsystem
Marcus Mei: Team Coordinator, Power Subsystem
Frank Zhang: Budget Lead, Firmware Subsystem
Project Management
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Gantt Chart
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Gantt Chart
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Questions? Comments?
Concerns?
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